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Candlemas to March Equinox

Birthdays, discovery and exploration abound in the period from Candlemas to the March equinox. Here's a little quiz for you that picks out some highlights in this period. How many do you recognize?

Candlemas to the March Equinox - Quiz
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Candlemas to March Equinox

February second is Groundhog Day, a day that's a mystery to people outside North America. Even in the USA and Canada, it's more a bit of fun than a holiday. Yet however superficial it is now, it's the offshoot of traditions that began in Europe over a thousand years ago.

Groundhog Day
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Last edited by Mona - Astronomy; 02/09/24 10:04 AM.
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Candlemas to March Equinox

Valentine's Day. Is it a romantic day or one invented by greeting card companies and sellers of luxury goods? It certainly isn't an astronomical holiday, but whatever your view of the day, you can enjoy this selection of cosmic valentines.

Astronomical Valentines
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Candlemas to March Equinox

Valentine's Day is no assurance that love is in the air. Hearts and flowers aren't guaranteed to come your way. You may or may not get one of the billion valentine cards that are sent each year. But heart shapes are everywhere and anyone can admire them. Here is a cosmic selection.

Cosmic Valentines
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Candlemas to March Equinox

On February 18, 1930, at the Lowell Observatory in Arizona, Clyde Tombough discovered Pluto.

Pluto is a dwarf planet.
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Candlemas to March Equinox

NASA's New Horizons has been to visit Pluto, and we will be learning new things about it for years to come. Meanwhile here's a profile of dwarf planet 134340 Pluto, largest object in the Kuiper Belt.

Pluto - Gateway to the Kuiper Belt
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Candlemas to March Equinox

For nearly ninety years Pluto was our ninth planet. Then in 2006, much to the annoyance of some, it was no longer a planet, but a dwarf planet. What happened? Eris happened. Some called Eris and Pluto twin planets, but they are not twins.

Eris and Pluto - They're Not Twins
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Candlemas to March Equinox

There are lots of interesting birthdays in this time period, including:

(1) Clyde Tombaugh, who discovered Pluto, was born in Streator, Illinois, USA on 1906.02.04. He died in 1997, and a portion of his ashes were on the New Horizons spacecraft that journeyed to Pluto and beyond.

(2) English astronomer and pioneering spectroscopist, William Huggins, was born in London on 1864.02.07. He revolutionized observational astronomy through the application of spectroscopic methods to determine the chemical constituents of stars and other celestial objects.

(3) Johan Dreyer, born in Copenhagen on 1852-02-13, was a prominent astronomer and writer. He compiled the New General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars (based on the Herschel catalogues of nebulae). The catalogue numbers are still in use, prefixed by NGC.

(4) Swiss astronomer and physicist Fritz Zwicky was born in Varna, Bulgaria on 1898.02.14.He studied physics and mathematics at the Swiss Federal Polytechnic in Zurich. Although he moved to the United States to work with Robert Andrews Millikan at Caltech, he remained a Swiss citizen. Zwicky was quite eccentric in many ways, but made important contributions in several areas of astronomy, carrying out research at both Mt Wilson and Palomar observatories.

(5) Galileo Galilei was born in Pisa, Italy on 1564-02-15. He was one of the first to use a telescope to observe the heavens and known for his astronomical discoveries and experimental physics. (Also for his getting into trouble with the Church.)

Galileo's Daughter
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Candlemas to March Equinox

Birthdays of more formidable astronomers:

(1) Polish Nicolaus Copernicus, was born on 1473-02-19. He was a mathematician, astronomer, Catholic canon and administrator. He's known for his formulated of a model of the universe that placed the Sun, rather than Earth, at its center.

(2) Maria Margarethe Kirch was born in Germany on 1670-02-25. She was married to a prominent astronomer, but carried out observations and published accounts of her own work. She is the first woman known to have discovered a comet - even though her husband got the credit.

(3) French Francois Arago was born in 1786-02-26. He was an astronomer, physicist, and writer. Also contributed to the surveying of the Paris Meridian, and afterwards in the French government. Arago spent many years as director of the Paris Observatory.

(4) Valentina Tereshkova, born in 1937-03-06, was the first woman in space. She was almost three days orbiting the Earth, spending more time in space than any of the US astronauts. Later, she studied engineering and remained in the space program, earning a doctorate in space engineering.

(5) John Herschel, born 1792–07-03 in England, was the son of William Herschel, the discoverer of Uranus. Born in England, John Herschel was one of the 19th century's most distinguished individuals. He was a brilliant mathematician, chemist and astronomer, as well as an accomplished artist, author, musician and linguist.

John Herschel

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Candlemas to March Equinox

Saint Patrick's Day is associated with the shamrock and the color green. Although there don't seem to be any cosmic shamrocks, there are many green phenomena in the skies. Discover a beautiful green nebula, what excites electrons, and why con men sold "comet pills".

Saint Patrick's Day - Wearing the Cosmic Green
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