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. On this day in 1638 – July 28th – English polymath Robert Hooke, often called "England's Leonardo", was born in Freshwater, Isle of Wight.Hooke contributed to astronomy, geology, structural engineering, microscopy, chemistry and physics, helped rebuild London after the Great Fire, and was a renowned experimenter, inventor, musician and artist..
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On this day in 1638 – July 28th – the first successful photographic image of a solar eclipse, showing the Sun's corona, was made.
The eclipse image was a daguerrotype made by J. Berkowski at the Royal Observatory in Königsberg, Germany (now Kaliningrad, Russia).
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On this day in 1919 – July 28th – the International Astronomical Union (IAU) was founded.
Its mission is to promote and safeguard the science of astronomy in all its aspects, including research, communication, education and development, through international cooperation.
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On this day in 1971 – July 31st – the first vehicle was driven on the Moon.
By using the lunar rover, astronauts Dave Scott and Jim Irwin were able to explore more widely than anyone had before.
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On this day in 1999 – July 31st – NASA's Lunar Prospector mission ended.
The probe investigated the Moon from low polar orbit, among other things mapping surface composition and possible polar ice deposits. The orbiter was deliberately crashed into a crater near the lunar south pole in the hope that it would create a plume in which water could be detected. (But it didn't.)
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. On this day in 1786 – August 1st – German astronomer living in England, Caroline Herschel, discovered her first comet.In the years from 1786 to 1797 she discovered eight comets..
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. On this day in 1818 – August 1st – American astronomer Maria Mitchell was born in Nantucket, Massachusetts.She was the first American woman to discover a comet, the first to become a college professor, and the first woman to be elected to scientific societies in the USA..
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On this day in 2004 – August 3rd– NASA launched the MESSENGER spacecraft to Mercury.
MESSENGER's mission was to study Mercury's chemical composition, geology, and magnetic field.
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On this day in 2007 – August 4th – the Phoenix Mars Lander was launched.
The program was a partnership of universities in several countries directed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Its purpose was to look for environments suitable for microbial life on Mars.
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On this day in 2011 – August 4th – NASA's Juno mission to Jupiter was launched.
Now in its extended mission, Juno will continue its investigation of the solar system's largest planet through September 2025, or until the spacecraft's end of life.
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