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. On this day in 1919 – April 10th – American aerospace engineer John C. Houbolt was born in Altoona, Iowa.
Houbolt led the team behind the lunar orbit rendezvous (LOR) that was used to land humans on the Moon and return them to Earth. Using LOR, NASA saved time and billions of dollars by efficiently using existing rocket technology. .
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. On this day in 1960 – April 11th – Project Ozma began.
Cornell University astronomer Frank Drake initiated this project. It was a pioneering SETI (Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence) experiment that searched for signs of life in distant planetary systems by monitoring interstellar radio waves. .
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. On this day in 1970 – April 11th – NASA's Apollo 13 Moon mission was launched.
This was the ill-fated mission that didn't make it onto the Moon, but with the assistance of a lot of smart and dedicated people, the astronauts made it safely back to Earth. The crew does however hold the record for having travelled the farthest distance into space of any humans. They were 400,171 km (248,655 mi) away from Earth on April 14, 1970. .
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. On this day in 1984 – April 11th – the crew of the space shuttle Challenger redeployed the astronomy Solar Max satellite.
The astronauts had retrieved the malfunctioning satellite and repaired it, the first time a satellite was repaired in space. .
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. On this day in 1986 – April 11th – Halley's Comet was at its closest to the Earth
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. On this day in 2006 – April 11th – ESA's Venus Express was inserted into orbit around Venus.
The mission provided an enormous amount of data on the Venusian atmosphere until the European Space Agency concluded it in December 2014. In addition to helping to understand the atmosphere of Venus, it also contributed to an a general understanding of atmospheric dynamics in general, including climate change on Earth. .
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. On this day in 1961 – April 12th – Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first spaceman.Gagarin made the historic first orbit of the Earth in the Vostok 1 craft..
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. On this day in 1851 – April 12th – English astronomer Edward Walter Maunder was born in London.
He was a founder member of the British Astronomical Association, but is probably best remembered for his solar observing and the study of sunspots, in particular his discovery that very few sunspots had been seen during the years 1645 to 1715. This period is now known as the Maunder Minimum. .
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. On this day in 1579 – April 13th – Giovanni Battista Hodierna was born in Ragusa, Sicily.
Hodierna was an astronomer at the court of the Duke of Montechiaro in Piedmont, Italy. Pre-dating Charles Messier by over a century, he compiled a sky catalog that included a number of nebulous objects that might be confused with comets. .
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. On this day in 1629 – April 14th – Dutch scientist, mathematician and inventor, Christiaan Huygens, was born in The Hague.
Huygens was a prominent scientist in his day. His varied contributions included the invention of the pendulum clock, and the discovery of Saturn's moon Titan. ESA (European Space Agency) named its Titan lander after him. .
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