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On this day in 2011 – March 17th – NASA's Messenger spacecraft went into orbit around Mercury.
Messenger was the first craft ever to orbit Mercury.
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On this day in 1965 – March 18th – the Soviet spacecraft Voskhod 2 was launched.
On this mission, cosmonaut Alexei Leonov became the first person to leave a spacecraft for a "spacewalk".
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On this day in 1799 – March 19th – the English physician, clergyman and astronomer William Rutter Dawes was born in London.
Dawes is probably best known for the Dawes' Limit, the formula he devised to determine the theoretical limit of the resolving power of a telescope. For his research into double stars the Royal Astronomical Society presented him with their Gold Medal in 1855.
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On this day in 1958 – March 20th – the London Planetarium opened to the public.
For nearly half a century the planetarium received school children and tourists with presentations about astronomy and space. The planetarium was part of the site of Madame Tussauds, and the owners closed it in 2006 in order to use the area for entertainment presentations.
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. On this day in 1865 – March 21st – Antonia Maury was born in Cold Stream, New York.She was best known for her work at Harvard College Observatory. Her stellar classification system allowed Danish astronomer Ejnar Hertzsprung to show the evolution of stars.
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. On this day in 1997 – March 22nd – Comet Hale-Bopp made its closest approach to Earth.The two-tailed comet was probably the most widely observed comet of the twentieth century. It's also known as the Great Comet of 1997.
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On this day in 1749 – March 23rd – Pierre-Simon Laplace was born.
Laplace was a brilliant French mathematician, astronomer, and physicist who is sometimes called "France's Newton". He accounted for the observed deviations of planets from their theoretical orbits by applying Newton's theory of gravitation to the problem.
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. On this day in 1840 – March 23rd – American polymath John William Draper produced the first detailed photograph of the Moon.It was the first astrophotograph taken in North America.
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On this day in 2001 – March 23rd – the Soviet/Russian space station Mir was deorbited.
Mir was the first space station assembled in orbit and the first continuously inhabited long-term orbital research station.
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On this day in 1893 – March 24th – German astronomer Walter Baade was born.
Baade, who worked at Mt Wilson Observatory in California for many years, defined two distinct populations of stars, and his discovery that there are two types of Cepheid variable star meant that his recalculation of the known universe doubled the size calculated by Hubble.
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