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#928247 06/05/18 02:49 PM
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What sort of tie would you give a cosmic father? What would you feed him? Where might he find challenging mountaineering, make an astounding golf shot or get up an interstellar soccer game? How can you send a special man a genuinely galactic greeting? Here's how.

Cosmic Father's Day

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This picture of the nebula around a rare yellow hypergiant star called IRAS 17163-3907 is the best ever taken of a star in this class and shows for the first time a huge dusty double shell surrounding the central hypergiant. The star and its shells resemble an egg white around a yolky centre, leading astronomers to nickname the object the Fried Egg Nebula.

Image credit: ESO/E. Lagadec

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The Pancake Galaxy (ESO 373-8) is a spiral galaxy located some 25 million light-years away in the constellation Andromeda. We're looking at the edge of the galactic plane which is quite flat.

And is that maple syrup on top?

Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA

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The Lobster Nebula (NGC 6537) is a planetary nebula around 4000 light years away in the constellation Sagittarius. A planetary nebula is a nebula formed when a dying sunlike star sloughs off its outer layers.

NGC 6537 is also known as the Red Spider Nebula. This would certainly not be appetizing. Also I think the nebula looks more like a lobster than a spider.

Photo credit: Garrelt Mellema (Leiden University) et al., HST, ESA, NASA

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Mona, my 4-year old grandson, Tyler, and I read a little book about rockets zooming into space. Rather than just talk about the little cartoonish stars in the book, I showed him some of the nebula and stars you have posted. He was hooked.

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More seafood. Messier 1 is also called the Crab Nebula. This is because when Irish astronomer Lord Rosse first saw it, it reminded him of a crab. This was in the days before astrophotography, and here's Lord Rosse's drawing of the Crab Nebula. I can't say that I know anyone who thinks it looks anything like a crab, but the nickname has stuck for nearly 175 years.

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There is a zodiac constellation representing a crab, which is Cancer (Latin for crab). Here is Cancer depicted in Urania's Mirror, a 19th century set of constellation cards.

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The Prawn Nebula (IC 4628) is an emission nebula some 6000 light years away in the constellation Scorpius. The region shown in this photo is about 250 light years across. The nebula glows from hydrogen emission triggered by UV light from nearby hot stars. (Credit: ESO)

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There is also the constellation Pisces (the Fishes) and constellation Piscis Austrinus (the Southern Fish). However Dad might prefer the good old-fashioned Hamburger Galaxy (NGC 3628). Seen edge-on, the dust lane in the center of the galaxy looks like a burger between two slices of bread.

Image credit: Alessandro Falesiedi

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No one has ever outdone Apollo astronaut Alan Shephard when it comes to golf. He's the only person ever to hit a golf ball on the Moon. He was the first American in space and went on to command Apollo 14 (and, of course, play golf on the Moon). We don't know how far he hit the ball, but physicist Ethan Segal has calculated that you could hit one nearly two and a half miles in low gravity with no air resistance.

Maybe golf will be available when tourist ships start going to the Moon.

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Soccer is a major sport in most of the world - it's even catching on in the USA, so why not in deep space? This looks like a cosmic soccer ball. It's Kronberger 61. a planetary nebula in the constellation Cygnus. The shell of ionized gas was expelled as the dying star threw off its outer layers of gas.

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What about mountain climbing? Earth mountains are puny. Maybe Dad would like to have a go at Olympus Mons on Mars? Here is a comparison between Olympus Mons and Earth's biggest mountains, Mt Everest and Mauna Kea in Hawaii. Mauna Kea is higher than Everest, if measured from its base, but much of it is underwater.

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So many dads have been given ties for Father's Day that there are cartoons about Father's Day ties. This one is by Randall McIlwaine.

The Galaxy is ready for this: the Bow Tie Nebula (PGC 3074547) is about 5000 light years away in the constellation Centaurus (the Centaur). It's a young planetary nebula and one of the coldest natural objects ever found.

Credit: NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope

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