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On this day in 1957 – October 4th – the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1.

This was the first successful artificial satellite.

Last edited by Mona - Astronomy; 01/08/18 03:15 AM.
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On this day in 1959 – October 4th – the Soviet Union launched Luna 3.

The spacecraft was the first-ever mission to photograph the far side of the Moon.

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On this day in 1962 – October 5th – the European Southern Observatory (ESO) was founded.

It's now the world's most productive astronomical observatory, providing state-of-the-art research facilities to astronomers and astrophysicists of many countries.

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On this day in 1882 – October 5th – Robert Goddard was born.

He was an American engineer, professor, physicist, and inventor who is credited with creating and building the world's first liquid-fueled rocket. Although he received little public support in his lifetime, he's now considered one of the founding fathers of modern rocketry.

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On this day in 1923 – October 5th – Edwin Hubble discovered a Cepheid variable in M31 (the Andromeda Galaxy).

Cepheid variable stars, based on the work of Henrietta Leavitt, can be used as distance indicators. Hubble was able to show that M31 was too far away to be an object in our own Galaxy.

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On this day in 1885 – October 7th – Niels Bohr was born.

Bohr was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922.

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On this day in 1873 – October 8th – Danish chemist and astronomer Ejnar Hertzsprung was born in Copenhagen.

Hertzsprung and American astronomer Henry Norris Russell, independently developed a scatter plot of stars that related their absolute magnitudes to their effective temperatures. It's nown as the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram (abbreviated H-R diagram).

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On this day in 1604 – October 9th – Kepler's Supernova was observed.

It occurred in the constellation Ophiuchus about 20,000 light years away from us. It was so bright that at its peak it was visible during the day for over three weeks.

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On this day in 2009 – October 9th – LCROSS detected water on the Moon.

LCROSS was one of the missions that detected water on the Moon.

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On this day in 1846 – October 10th – English businessman and astronomer William Lassell discovered Triton, Neptune's largest moon.

He discovered the moon just 17 days after German astronomer Johann Galle discovered Neptune, using Urbain LeVerrier's calculations. Five years later Lassell discovered two more moons of Neptune.

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