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An annular eclipse and a total solar eclipse graced 2017, as well as a penumbral lunar eclipse (scarcely noticeable to the untrained eye) and a partial lunar eclipse.

Here are the four eclipses of 2017. (Image Credit & copyright: Petr Horálek)

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Venus is closer to the Sun than we are, so it has phases like the Moon does. Nobody knew this until the invention of the telescope, because you can't see the apparent shape changes with just the unaided eye.

Here is a beautiful sunset view of Venus in crescent phase taken with a long telephoto lens. (Image Credit & copyright: Jay Ouellet) In 1610 Galileo was the first person to observe the phases of Venus. They couldn't happen if the prevailing Earth-centered view of the Solar System was correct, but supported the Copernican Sun-centered view.

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The Juno mission has been orbiting Jupiter since the summer of 2016, getting closer to the giant planet than any spacecraft before it – it's designed to get as close as 4100 km (2600 miles).

Here is a view of Jupiter's complex turbulent clouds when the high altitude clouds were casting a shadow on their surroundings. Doesn't it look like an abstract painting?

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On December 11, 1863 American astronomer and suffragette Annie Jump Cannon was born.

Cannon devised what became the Harvard Classification System for stars, and she herself classified the spectra of around a quarter of a million stars for the Henry Draper Catalog. This picture shows the spectral lines of a number of common elements superimposed on a visible light spectrum. Cannon once said, “Each new spectrum is the gateway to a wonderful new world. It is almost as if the distant stars had really acquired speech and were able to tell of their constitution and physical condition.”

Annie Cannon also devised the Harvard stellar classification. The order of the star classes from hottest to coolest went: OBAFGKM.To remember the order, here's the traditional mnemonic: Oh, Be A Fine Girl [Guy] – Kiss Me. It's probably not allowed anymore.

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Dwarf planet Pluto, gateway to the Kuiper Belt, is one of the Solar System's most amazing objects.

This New Horizons image shows Pluto's “heart”, the region named Tombaugh Regio. The different colors represent different compositions of surface ices. They reveal that Pluto is an active body even though it's small and very cold. (Image: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute)

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The Geminid meteor shower is a December spectacle. It's produced by debris left behind by asteroid 3200 Phaethon, and runs annually from December 7-17. It peaks this year on the night of the 13th and morning of the 14th.

This composite photo shows Geminid meteors seen from the summit of Mt Changbai along China's northeastern boarder with North Korea. (Image: Jia Hao) The shower's radiant in the constellation Gemini is to the upper left, at the apparent origin of all the meteor streaks. Orion is near picture center above the volcanic cater lake. 

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Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe was born on December 14, 1548. His astronomical observations were key to formulating the modern view of the Solar System.

Here is Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter's sunrise view of the central peak of Tycho Crater on the Moon. (Image Credit: NASA/Goddard/Arizona State University) The complex is some 15 km (9.3 mi) wide within a crater over 80 km (50 mi) in diameter. The central peak's summit is 2 km (1.2 mi) above the crater floor.

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On December 15, 1970 the Soviet probe Venera 7 landed on Venus. It was the first spacecraft to do so. It survived for 53 minutes, 20 of them on the surface.

Venera 7 sent back some data, but the study of Venus has become much more sophisticated since then. This is a computer generated 3D perspective view of three craters on Venus. The image was created using data from NASA's Magellan spacecraft, with coloring based on Venera 13 and 14 Lander images.

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On December 16, 1917, Arthur C. Clarke was born. He was an influential science writer and science fiction writer.

Clarke envisioned many of the features of our present technology, such as satellite communications, that seemed to be fantasy at the time. His work inspired a number of scientists, but best known to the public is the book that was made into a film by Stanley Kubrick. Here is an infographic about 2001: A Space Odyssey. [A click enlarges it.]

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This is a cosmic pillar of dust in the Carina Nebula. It's two light years long and inside it is a young star emitting powerful jets. The pillar's layered outline is shaped by the winds and radiation of Carina's massive hot young stars. The Carina Nebula, about 7500 light years away, is visible in the southern hemisphere.

Here is a view in infrared light showing two narrow jets blasting outward from a still hidden infant star.

(Image Credit: NASA, ESA, Hubble, HLA; Processing & Copyright: Domingo Pestana; Description adapted from Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP))

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