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On this day in 1968 – December 6th – ESRO (a precursor to the European Space Agency) had its Highly Eccentric Orbit Satellite (HEOS-1) launched from Cape Kennedy.

It was the first European satellite to venture beyond near-Earth space, to study magnetic fields, radiation and the solar wind. This required an orbit stretching two-thirds of the way to the Moon.

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On this day in 1998 – December 6th – the Unity and Zarya modules were connected to form the core of the International Space Station (ISS).

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On this day in 1676 – December 7th – the first news was published of Danish astronomer Ole Rømer's measurement of the speed of light.

Rømer's work was based on observations of the eclipses of the moons of Jupiter. At that time not everyone was convinced that light even had a finite speed.

Last edited by Mona - Astronomy; 12/07/17 10:51 PM.
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On this day in 1905 – December 7th – Gerard Kuiper was born.

The Dutch-American astronomer is considered by many to be the father of modern planetary science.

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On this day in 1995 – December 7th – NASA's Galileo spacecraft entered Jupiter's atmosphere and began its prime mission.

Galileo was the first spacecraft to orbit Jupiter, though others had done fly-bys of the giant planet.

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On this day in 2010 – December 8th – SpaceX Dragon 1 was launched, the first private spacecraft recovered from orbit.

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On this day in 1999 – December 10th – the European Space Agency (ESA) launched the Newton X-Ray Multi-Mirror Telescope (XMM-Newton).

XMM-Newton, named after Sir Isaac Newton, was tasked with investigating interstellar X-ray sources, performing narrow- and broad-range spectroscopy, and performing the first simultaneous imaging of objects in both X-ray and optical (visible and ultraviolet) wavelengths.

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On this day in 1863 – December 11th – American astronomer Annie Jump Cannon was born.

Cannon classified nearly a quarter of a million star spectra for the Henry Draper Catalogue and oversaw its publication after the death of Edward Pickering.

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On this day in 1972 – December 11th – NASA's last lunar mission Apollo 17 landed on the Moon.

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On this day in 1546 – December 14th – Tycho Brahe was born.

The Danish astronomer was the greatest ever observer in the days before the telescope. His extensive collection of accurate observations made it possible for Kepler to work out the orbits of the planets.

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