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Stars are all born in the same way, but they live and die in different ways. A star's mass rules how hot it will be, how long it will shine, and how it will end.

Life and Death of Massive Stars – Facts for Kids


Mona Evans
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Mona Evans
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Here is a stellar nursery. It's shrouded in dust, and we can only see it because it was imaged using the Herschel Space Observatory's infrared capability. Infrared radiation can penetrate the dust.

The colorful dust filaments contain about a hundred protostars. When these heat up enough for nuclear fusion to star in the core they will become stars. There are another six hundred objects where gas and dust has become concentrated, but aren't well developed. But a long time in the future they will also become stars.

The image is of a nebula (cloud) in the constellation Aquila the Eagle. It's 1000 light years away and about 65 light years across. The two bright blueish areas are where hot young stars are making the hydrogen gas glow.

Credit: ESA / SPIRE / PACS / P. André (CEA Saclay)


Mona Evans
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Simplified - structure of an atom. If you want to know what's going on in the life cycle of stars, the structure of an atom is important.

When a massive star collapses after the fuel runs out, we need to have at least a fuzzy idea about atoms. The diagram showed a simplified structure, but not the scale. The electrons seem to be almost cozying up to the nucleus.

Various analogies try to help us out. One sporty person (American) suggests,
Quote:
Imagine the atom is the size of a football stadium. In that gigantic stadium the nucleus would only be the size of a small marble sitting on the 50-yard line
!

Another one says,
Quote:
My favorite comparison here is that if an atom were the size of the Earth, then the nucleus would be the size of a football stadium (whatever game you mean when you say ‘football’).


Not being very sporty, I rather like this one:
Quote:
If an atom were blown up to the size of a cathedral, the nucleus would be no larger than a bee buzzing about in the center, while the electrons would be ‘orbiting’ near the outermost edge.


Mona Evans
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The Pencil Nebula (NGC 2736) is a small part of the Vela supernova remnant. The picture shows a nebula that is about 5 light years long and 800 light years away. We're looking edge-on at an enormous sheet of glowing gas. The braided filaments are long ripples in this sheet. The whole Vela remnant is about 100 light years in diameter. It's formed of debris from a star that exploded about 11,000 years ago. At that time the shock wave was moving at millions of kilometers per hour. It's much slower now, and as it goes through the space between the stars it gathers up material

Image Credit & Copyright: Howard Hedlund & Dave Jurasevich, Las Campanas Obs.


Mona Evans
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This image of the Vela supernova remnant was taken by Australian astrophotographer Mike Sidonio. The supernova explosion itself has been estimated to have occurred 11,000-12,300 years ago. It's associated with the Vela pulsar - a pulsar is a type of neutron star.

Vela (the sails) is a southern constellation that was once part of the much larger constellation Argo Navis which represented Jason's ship as he searched for the Golden Fleece.


Mona Evans
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It's the Jellyfish Nebula, as imaged by Dieter Willasch (Astro-Cabinet)

The cosmic jellyfish is part of bubble-shaped supernova remnant IC 443, the expanding debris cloud from a massive star that exploded. Light from the explosion first reached planet Earth over 30,000 years ago. Like its cousin in astrophysical waters, the Crab Nebula supernova remnant, IC 443 is known to harbor a neutron star, the remnant of the collapsed stellar core. The nebula is about 5,000 light-years away.


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