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#873797 08/07/14 01:43 AM
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Aries was the winged ram from which the Golden Fleece came. Two thousand years ago his constellation marked the spring equinox when the Sun crossed the celestial equator near Beta and Gamma Arietis. The equinox is now in Pisces, but what strange object was discovered in 2007 in Aries?

Aries the Golden Ram

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Mona - Astronomy #874054 08/08/14 03:14 AM
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Mesarthim - Gamma Arietis - looks like one star. But if you see it through a small telescope you can see that it's double. There is a pair of bright white stars just over 200 light years away.

In 1664, the great English polymath Robert Hooke first discovered that Mesarthim was double. In addition to astronomy, among Hooke's other talents, he was a musician, artist, mathematician, architect, inventor and scientific experimenter.

Mesarthim through a small telescope

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Looking towards Aries, the Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration found something very strange. Segue 2 is the tiniest galaxy that we know of. It has fewer stars than many star clusters do. There are only about a thousand stars in it. Even with its hundred thousand solar masses of dark matter, it's still teensie for a galaxy.

In the paper describing the discovery, one of the authors commented, “Finding a galaxy as tiny as Segue 2 is like discovering an elephant smaller than a mouse.”

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Argo Navis was a constellation indirectly related to Aries. It was a very large - in fact, quite unwieldy - constellation listed by Ptolemy nearly two thousand years ago. You've probably heard of the Argonauts who went with Jason in search of the Golden Fleece. Argo was their ship and the fleece was that of the golden ram Aries.

In the 18th century Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille made three smaller constellations out of Argo Navis: Carina (the keel), Puppis (the stern) and Vela (the sails). They are among the 88 modern constellations.


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