yeast infections don't. a uterine infection can cause problems with fertility though. they usually happen after childbirth, but i've never had children and was diagnosed with a uterine infection. the fertility specialist who diagnosed it feels that i had the infection for years (it could have happened during one of our fertility treatments or one of my surgeries). to diagnose it, he had to do a biopsy of the uterus. never got pregnant, but at least we finally had an answer and were able to move on.